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Termites can distinguish nestmates and non-nestmates through chemical communication and gut symbionts: compounds consisting of hydrocarbons released from the cuticle permit the recognition of alien termite species.148149 Every colony has its own distinct odour. This odour is a result of genetic and environmental elements such as the termites' diet and also the composition of the bacteria within the termites' intestines.150.

Termites rely on alert communication to defend a colony.134 Alarm pheromones can be released when the nest has been breached or is being attacked by enemies or potential pathogens. Termites always avoid nestmates infected with Metarhizium anisopliae spores, through vibrational signals released by infected nestmates.151 Additional procedures of defence include intense jerking and secretion of fluids in the frontal gland and defecating faeces containing alarm pheromones.134152.

In some species, some soldiers obstruct tunnels to prevent their enemies from entering the nest, and they may deliberately rupture themselves as an act of defence.153 In cases where the intrusion is coming from a violation which is bigger than the soldier's head, defence requires a special formations where soldiers shape a phalanx-like formation around the breach and sting at intruders.154 If an invasion carried out by Megaponera analis is successful, an entire colony may be destroyed, even though this scenario is infrequent.154.

To termites, any violation of the tunnels or nests is a cause for alarm. When termites detect a potential violation, the soldiers usually bang their minds, apparently to entice different troops for defence and also to recruit additional employees to fix any breach.56 Additionally, an alarmed termite lumps into other termites which causes them to be alarmed and to leave pheromone trails to the disturbed area, which is also a way to recruit additional workers.56.

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The pantropical subfamily Nasutitermitinae includes a specialised caste of soldiers, known as nasutes, that have the capability to exude noxious liquids through a horn-like frontal projection that they use for defence.155 Nasutes have dropped their mandibles throughout the plan of evolution and have to be fed by employees.59 A vast array of monoterpene hydrocarbon solvents have been identified in the fluids which nasutes secrete.156 Likewise, Formosan subterranean termites have been known to secrete naphthalene to safeguard their nests.157.

Soldiers of the species Globitermes sulphureus commit suicide by autothysis  rupturing a large gland just beneath the surface of the cuticles. The thick, yellow fluid in the gland becomes quite tacky on contact with the air, entangling ants or other insects that are trying to invade the nest.158159 Another termite, Neocapriterme taracua, additionally engages in suicidal defence.

When soldiers guarding nest entrances are attacked by intruders, they engage in autothysis, creating a cube that denies entry to any attacker.161.

Employees use several different strategies to take care of their deceased, including burying, cannibalism, and avoiding a corpse Full Article altogether.162163164 To prevent pathogens, termites occasionally engage in necrophoresis, in which a nestmate carries away a corpse in the colony to eliminate it elsewhere.165 Which strategy is used depends on the nature of this corpse a employee is dealing with (i.e.

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A species of fungus is known to mimic termite eggs, successfully avoiding its natural predators. These tiny brown balls, known as"termite balls", rarely kill the eggs, and in some circumstances the employees tend to them.166 This fungus mimics these eggs by producing a cellulose-digesting enzyme known as glucosidases.167 A unique mimicking behaviour exists between different species of Trichopsenius beetles and certain termite species within Reticulitermes.

This compound mimicry allows the beetles to integrate themselves within the termite colonies.168 The developed appendages on the physogastric abdomen of Austrospirachtha mimetes allows the beetle to mimic a termite worker.169.

Several species of ant are known to capture termites to use as a brand new food source after on, rather than killing them. By way of example, Formica nigra captures termites, and those who try to escape are instantly seized and driven underground.170 Certain species of ants in the subfamily Ponerinae conduct these raids although other ant species move in important link alone to steal the eggs or nymphs.146 Ants such as Megaponera analis assault the exterior of mounds and Dorylinae ants attack underground.146171 Despite this, some termites and ants can coexist peacefully.

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54 species of ants are known to inhabit Nasutitermes mounds, both occupied and abandoned ones.174 One reason many ants reside in Nasutitermes mounds is due to the termites' frequent occurrence in their own geographical range; another would be to protect themselves from flooding.174175 Iridomyrmex also inhabits termite mounds but no evidence for any kind of relationship (other than a one) is known.116 In rare situations, certain species of termites live inside busy ant colonies.176 Some invertebrate organisms such as beetles, caterpillars, flies and millipedes are termitophiles and reside inside termite colonies (they are unable to survive independently).56 As a result, certain beetles and flies have evolved with their hosts.